On Being Green

    I am not in the vanguard of the green revolution, dear reader.  Rather, I am hustling along in the dust kicked up by the environmental movement, trying to keep up.  I am persuaded by most of the environmentalist arguments I've heard.  I own a spectacular set of re-usable grocery bags, which I use all the time.  I am careful about how much electricity and gasoline I use.  I avoid styrofoam.  Still, there is much I could do yet.  (Perhaps I could invest in some red worms?  My family is not on board yet.) 

    I would say that Hungary is not in the vanguard of the green revolution either, but there is an important difference between the green revolutions in the U.S.A. and Hungary.  The difference is that Hungary does not need as much of a revolution, I think.  To put it another way: many of the environmentally-conscious practices that Americans have increasingly turned to in the past couple of decades were already done in Hungary.  Reuse, reduce, recycle, you say?  It seems to me that Hungarians never stopped reusing, and already used less.  Recycling is a different, and interesting, story, but I'll get to that later.

Are they not beautiful?

    At my local supermarket in Oshkosh I often feel very special toting my re-usable grocery bags.  People frequently comment on how pretty they are, and few others seem to be re-using bags.  I get only 5 cents rebate for them, granted, but each week there are that many fewer plastic bags needed and they don't accumulate in my house or in the dump or the streets.  In Pécs, by contrast, I do not feel so special.  Almost everyone brings bags to the supermarket, and no one has yet complimented me on mine.  If they don't bring bags to the supermarket, Hungarians usually have to pay for the bags, ranging from about ten cents to a couple dollars depending on the size and quality of the bag.  

Not Frozen Custard, but will do in a pinch

      Hungarians also seem to constantly use plastic containers to carry meals in ways that Americans rarely do.  First, it is not necessary to actually buy a plastic container.  Buy one carton of Carte D'Or ice cream and you will not have particularly good ice cream.  (Forgive me, is that my streak of ice cream snobbery showing?)  You will, however, have a durable carton, the ideal size for a large meal, that will last you for decades.  Moreover, Hungarians use plastic containers in ways I've never noticed Americans doing.  My favorite restaurant in Pécs is actually a cafeteria, though the nicest-looking, most delicious cafeteria I have yet encountered, and it's cheap too.  It's called Xavér Etterem and it is so popular that people line up to wait for it to open for lunch at 11:15.  If you join the line, you'll notice not only the mix between pensioners, lunch-breakers, and students ranging from middle school to university.  You'll also notice that a large chunk of them are carrying plastic containers.  People usually bring store-bought containers, not Carte D'Or cartons, but they are old and battered and have clearly seen a lot of use.  Almost none of the take-out customers pay the 25 cents for a take-away box.  

    Re-use is noticeable in bigger ways too.  In Budapest, I happened upon a designated day in which everyone who wants to get rid of something puts it out on the street, and crowds of people rummage through it, taking home old computers, old furniture, old clothes, or what have you.  In smaller towns and in Serbia, one can see young men with horse-drawn carts scouring the streets for old appliances.  Sometimes one encounters a slow-moving truck with a loudspeaker attached, repeating its pitch to take your old stuff for free.  Partly, I think, from poverty and partly from habit, there are a lot of people willing to take and reuse old things.  Similarly, I'm not sure I've made a single trip to work and back in Pécs without seeing someone searching through the dumpsters for recyclables.  Loaded down with bags full of cans, each one of these men and women recycles hundreds of recyclables, I would estimate, each week.  Oshkosh makes it easier to recycle, with a truck coming by one's house every other week, and not requiring the householder to separate different kinds of recyclables.  By contrast, in Pécs one must separate recyclables and carry them to a neighborhood bin.  Many recyclables are thrown in the trash, where they are rescued by these poor and industrious women and men.  

    That much of the work of re-using and recycling is done by poor men and women is telling, I think.  Despite the good environmental work they do, I want better opportunities for these women and men. What I think this work demonstrates, though, is one of the reasons that Hungary needs less of green revolution than the U.S.A.  The reason is that many Hungarian families kept habits of coping with scarcity that Americans discarded in the post-World War II boom decades.  Re-using and reducing never went out of style.  These environmentally-friendly habits, combined with the walking culture and ubiquity of mini-marts and supermarkets discussed in a previous post, as well as the high price of gasoline, make Hungary a very green place indeed.  While I have no doubt there are important improvements to be made in terms of the environment in Hungary, there are many practice that were already quite green.

On Differences between Oshkosh students and Pécs students

Forgive my extended period of inactivity on this blog, dear reader.  A number of things came up, but I mean to be a regular blogger again now.  Spring has sprung here in Pécs, and after a wonderful Spring Break that included a trip to Vienna, I handed back midterms this week.  That means, too, that I have been here for more than half a semester.  I’ve learned a lot about university education in Hungary, about students’ interests in American history, and other things, but I think there are many things I still have to learn.  To start making sense of what I have learned, then, I thought I would compile a handy chart, to show side-by-side comparisons of the things I do know about students at my home university and my host university.  In no particular order, here goes:

Students at Oshkosh…	Students at Pécs…
usually come from <2 hours drive away	ditto
generally pay $3678.58 tuition per semester (if Wisconsin residents)	free if you score at a certain level on exams, if not the cost varies ($1,300 per term for an English major, up to $8,300 per term for foreign med student)*
dress less formally to attend class	dress more formally to attend class
sometimes greet the professor	usually greet the professor
expected to be graded early and often	expect one big exam (100% of grade) in lecture courses
are a bit more willing to participate in a class	are a bit more shy of participation
are taking my class in their native tongue	are taking my class in their 2nd, 3rd, or 4th language
80-90% attend lecture courses each meeting	50% attend lecture courses each time Seminar attendance is closer to 80%
classes meet 2 or 3 times a week	classes meet 1 time a week**
take 4-7 classes at once	take up to 19 classes at once***
take many courses outside of major	almost entirely take courses in major
have never taken me out for a beer	took me out for a beer the other day

*Tuition in Hungary is a big political topic right now, as the government just passed a new law regarding higher education. 

**There are also courses that never meet.  Students just take an exam to demonstrate some knowledge in that field.

***Yes, dear reader, you read that right!  The highest number of classes I heard of a student taking is 19, the lowest 9.  It is, I think, an astounding feat and I don’t quite understand how it is done. 

What do you think about all this, dear readers?

 

On Making One’s Self Understood

 I hope, dear reader, that having read one or two of my posts, you feel assured that I am an intelligent adult.  I hope so, dear reader, because this might make up for what the bakery lady surely thinks of me.  Imagine our encounters from her point of view.  I walk in, with one or two children, clearly an adult, past his twenties even, with grown-up responsibilities.  Then I open my mouth. 

Bakery Lady: I wish you a good day!  What may I do for you?

Me (pointing to one of twenty-five different loaves): Good Day!  I would like that brown one please.

Bakery Lady: You refer to the 400 gram Rye Baguette?

Me: Yes.

Bakery Lady: [at this point I did not understand everything she was saying, but it involved, I think, a sale on miniature brown breads.  That sounds reasonable, no?]

Me: Well, thanks but no thanks.

Bakery Lady: Very well.  That will be 470 forints please.

Me, to myself, like in a Shakespeare play: How did my 340 forint bread become 470 forints?  Is there some sort of sales tax I had previously not noticed?

Bakery Lady: Excuse me!  Don’t walk off without this other piece of bread you bought!

Me, to myself again: What other piece of bread I bought?  I only wanted the brown one!

Me, to Bakery Lady: Thank you!

As you can see, dear reader, there were some glitches in our conversation.  I do not think that the bakery lady took advantage of my poor Hungarian to sell me an extra 130 forints of bread, which consisted by the way of a gigantic chunk of white bread for the equivalent of 60 cents.  I think, instead, she was going through her usual spiel, perhaps a required spiel by the bakery she worked for, and I had just not kept up my side of the conversation. 

            I usually do not walk away from such conversations with a loaf of bread the size of a small child, but I frequently have to apologize that “I don’t know Hungarian well.”  The other day, during a snowstorm, I bumped into the apartment building handyman and his wife in the garage.  Fearing that I was about to drive off into something that looked like a shaken-up snow globe, the handyman began to say something to me.  His wife interjected that I did not know Hungarian, but the handyman and I had conversed briefly before, and he insisted that I knew a bit.  I vouched for myself that I know a little bit.  As a result, for the past two days, I have been wondering to myself: what exactly did he say to me?  Whatever it was, I assured him that we were not planning to drive anywhere.  Either I appeared to understand better than I did, or I appeared to be a blithering idiot.  I still don’t know.

            You may know, dear reader, that my wife and all of my children who can speak, can speak Hungarian.  I flatter myself that I and my two-year-old are neck-in-neck in our Hungarian language skills, but this probably isn’t true and anyhow it won’t be for long.  I know that there are many people in the world who are not fluent in the language that almost everyone else speaks around them.  I only comment here that it is difficult.  I get by okay, but I am sure I do not sound like a guy who has a Ph.D.  I don’t care about the bad accent that much; it’s my slaughter of the grammar and my limited vocabulary that embarrasses me.  In English, I care about these things.  In Hungarian, I am lucky if my interlocutor figures out what in the world I am talking about. 

            I am improving.  In the meantime, what must they think of me?  Assure them, dear reader, I am articulate in one language at least. 

On the Joys of Hoofing It

You may not know, dear readers, that back home in Oshkosh, I am part of my local N.B.A. franchise.  My career in the Noontime Basketball Association goes back to my grad school days at Brandeis University.  In Oshkosh, the N.B.A. is my main form of exercise.  I have not yet found an equivalent in Pécs, but I nevertheless feel quite in shape.  The reason for this is that I walk almost everywhere I go.  I know, dear reader, that I am not the first to remark on this difference between Europeans and Americans, nor am I likely to be the last.  Still, let me say this: Pécs is built for pedestrians, and that is good for my health. 

            Unlike most of my Fulbright colleagues, I actually have a car here in Hungary: my mother-in-law’s.  This makes it quite easy to make trips to Budapest, or to visit other cities in the region.  Typically, we use this car once a week, either to go out of town or to go someplace within Pécs that is a bit far for the children to walk.  It’s just once a week, though.  Otherwise, my wife and children and I walk everywhere: to work, to school, to the supermarket, to church, to the sweets shop, to the playground, to the bookstores, to the bakery, to the green grocer, and just to go window-shopping or sight-seeing.  None of these are particularly arduous walks.  The longest routine walk is my walk to work, perhaps fifteen, uphill on the way home.  Our other usual walks are all shorter than that.  I think the fact that all of these places are close encourages us to go out frequently.  There is no fuss with car seats, and it is not a big deal to head out to pick up a fresh loaf of bread, or milk, or to indulge in a coffee (and a cake).

            I must admit that we frequently head out to consume sugar (at least every other afternoon) in the form of cakes or ice cream.   I would argue, though, that these sweet shops actually improve our health, by giving us a fun place to walk to.  (I have not gained that pesky ten pounds that lots of bread and little exercise get me back home, despite eating lots of bread here).  For both my wife and I, we are far more likely to walk if there is some place to which we are excited to walk.  Oshkosh is a beautiful town, in many respects.  I enjoy looking at the Victorian houses near mine, and the turn-of-the-twentieth-century downtown, and browsing in the library.  Too, there is a quite impressive lake and park near our house.  Neither of us are as excited about looking at natural beauty on our walks as our friends are, though, and thus we walk more in Pécs, where there is more in the way of old buildings and window-shopping that we can walk to.  Downtown Pécs also gives us lots of places to stop, rest, and chat.

Available now at my local Pécs mini-mart

            Pécs encourages walking in many ways besides being interesting to look at.  The main downtown shopping and eating street is pedestrianized.  Almost no cars are allowed.  I have also found that cars almost always make a point of stopping for pedestrians at crosswalks all over the city.  This, of course, is the law in most of the U.S. as well, but very few drivers actually obey this law and it seems never to be enforced.  Moreover, not to point too fine a point on it, but consumers in Pécs, young and very old, have places they can physically walk to and get their shopping done.  My apartment is close to downtown, an advantage I grant you, but there are bakeries and green grocers and supermarkets all over town, and mini-marts on almost every block.  In my case, there is a mini-mart actually attached to my apartment building, and another, larger, one just around the corner.  Now, dear reader, you may protest that there are mini-marts in the U.S. too.  This is true.  There are two gas station/mini-marts within a few minutes walk of my house in Oshkosh.  I sometimes buy milk or ice cream there.  (Ice cream is popular in my household, you may have noticed, chiefly with myself).  But can I buy fresh bread there?  Or fresh deli meats?  Or pasta?  No!  For higher-quality food, I must go to a super-market, and to walk to a super-market from my house in Oshkosh would be more than an errand or a diversion on my way home from work: it would be a thirty-seven-minute walk each way to the nearest one.  

            I don’t mean to be down on Oshkosh.  I really like the town, and I must say that downtown Oshkosh is working heroically to get more people to do business on beautiful Main Street and other old shopping districts.  The fact is, though, that most stores and restaurants are built for cars, mostly in strip malls right next to the highway.  In Pécs, the balance of stores are downtown.  They don’t seem to have to struggle, because the foot traffic has never left.  Everything from groceries to electronics to clothes to variety store knick knacks is accessible to pedestrians, young and old.  I’ll be happy to return to Oshkosh and my local N.B.A. franchise, but I will miss all of the hoofing I do here.  It is a joy to walk, and a joy to have stores and sweet shops to walk to.